指数曲线模型预测基坑周边地面沉降     

熊春宝  李法超 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):4-6

结合天津富裕广场三期工程基坑周围地面沉降观测的工作实践,利用指数曲线法对该工程的地面沉降过程进行了预测,得出实际观测值与预测值之间的拟合曲线,并通过比较得出该预测方法的优劣。  相似文献   

Hysteretic shear–flexure interaction model of reinforced concrete columns for seismic response assessment of bridges     

Jian Zhang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(3):315-337

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Application of an S‐shaped curve model to the temporal development of tafoni of salt‐weathering origin     

Tsuguo Sunamura  Hisashi Aoki 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(12):1624-1631

To describe temporal change in tafone development, an S‐shaped curve equation is proposed: Z = Z_c [1 ? (n + 1) exp (? β t ) + n exp (? (1 + 1/n) β t )] , where Z is observed tafone depth, Z_c is ultimate tafone depth, t is time, and n and β are constants. The applicability of this model is examined using tafone data selected from seven sites, which are categorized into three different salt‐weathering environments: a spray/splash‐dominant (occasionally wave‐affected) supra‐tidal zone, aerosol‐affected coastal regions, and inland desert areas. The results indicate that the equation can well describe tafone development in each of these environments. An investigation based on the values of n and β, determined through a best fit of the equation to the data, suggests that n characterizes site‐specific environmental conditions and β reflects the magnitude of factors controlling the recession mechanism of tafone surfaces. It is found that (1) the maximum rate of tafone growth dramatically decreases from supra‐tidal, through coastal, to desert environments, and (2) the growing mode of tafoni is different depending on the environmental settings. The erosional force to facilitate the development of tafoni at supra‐tidal sites is estimated to be about 400 times greater than that in the general coastal area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

云南地区的背景弹性波场分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵琳  安美建  沈旭章  代光辉  田建雄 《地震学报》2011,33(6):723-734

利用云南省地震台网44个台站记录的2008年1-9月连续波形数据进行互相关计算,得到了台站间的格林函数,并获取对应的频散曲线,据此分析了该地区的区域背景弹性波场的来源及分布.研究发现,该地区的区域背景弹性波场有着明显的方向性,15s信号的总体传播方向是从东南向西北,也就是说主要来自云南省的东南方向,据此推测区域背景弹性...  相似文献   

失水过程中的土壤孔隙比―含水量―吸力关系     

李旭  林森 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

当土体总应力状态保持不变时,基质吸力的提高是导致孔隙水排水、土样体积收缩、孔隙结构改变的根本原因,通过吸力可以将土壤收缩曲线和土水特征曲线联系起来进行比对研究。采用广义有效应力原理分析超固结土样和正常土样的失水过程,结果表明:超固结土样中存在着相应的先期固结压力的吸力值,称之为先期固结吸力ψc。当土样吸力小于ψc时,超固结土样和正常固结土样的收缩曲线、土水特征曲线不同:超固结土孔隙比随吸力提高而减小的坡度较缓,约等于土样的回弹再压缩指数,土样处于结构性收缩阶段;先期固结压力越大,土水特征曲线的进气值越高。当土样吸力高于ψc时,超固结土样和正常固结土样的收缩曲线、土水特征曲线重合。  相似文献   

密度对非饱和粘土渗透系数的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李小伟  王世梅  黄净萍 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1):214-217,222

取三峡库区某滑坡滑带土制备不同干密度的重塑土样进行饱和渗透试验和非饱和土水特征曲线试验,得到不同干密度重塑土样的土水特征曲线,通过理论公式预测出相应的非饱和渗透系数,进而得到不同干密度重塑土样渗透系数与基质吸力的关系.结果显示:渗透系数随着基质吸力的增大而呈非线性减小,当基质吸力较高时,渗透系数随基质吸力的变化比较小;...  相似文献   

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhigao Sun  Xiaojie Mou  Xinhua Li  Lingling Wang  Hongli Song  Huanhuan Jiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(2):129-148

Stable isotope techniques have been proved useful as tools for studying the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. This paper firstly introduced the basic principles and the distribution characteristics of stable isotope, then reviewed the recent advances and applications of stable isotope in the C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. By applying the 13 C natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to understand the photosynthetic path and CO 2 fixation of plants, the CO 2 exchange and C balance status of ecosystem, the composition, distribution and turnover of soil organic C and the sources of organic matter in food webs, while by using the 13 C labeled technique, the effects of elevated CO 2 on the C processes of ecosystem and the sources and fate of organic matter in ecosystem can be revealed in detail. Differently, by applying the 15 N natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to analyze the biological N 2 -fixation, the N sources of ecosystem, the N transformation processes of ecosystem and the N trophic status in food webs, while by using the 15 N labeled technique, the sources, transformation and fate of N in ecosystem and the effects of N input on the ecosystem can be investigated in depth. The applications of both C and N isotope natural abundance and labeled techniques, combined with the elemental, other isotope ( 34 S) and molecular biomarker information, will be more propitious to the investigation of C and N cycle mechanisms. Finally, this paper concluded the problems existed in current researches, and put forward the perspective of stable isotope techniques in the studies on C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem in the future.  相似文献   

基于细化分层法探讨面波频散曲线反演参数的简化     

邵广周  李庆春 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,(3):317-320

常规频散曲线反演过程中需要不停地改变分层数、层厚度和层速度等参数,实现过程相对繁琐,而采用细化分层法对反演参数进行简化则避免了上述缺点。具体思路为:根据目的层探测深度(如20m)将地下介质分为若干个(20个)厚度为1m的薄层和1个均匀半空间层(共21层),这样在反演中分层数和层厚度均为已知参量,反演过程只需修改速度参数即可,避免了改变分层数和层厚度等参数,显著简化了反演计算过程。正演计算和反演结果均表明:细化分层与实际分层计算出的频散曲线是等效的,细化分层反演结果的总体效果与真实模型非常接近,这说明细化分层方法用于频散曲线反演是切实可行且有效的;将地下介质划分为1m厚的薄层,反演后每层均可得到1个横波速度,能满足反演分辨率的要求;由于实际地下介质的速度是随深度渐变的,细化分层后比按频散曲线拐点分层(每分层的厚度可能是几米或几十米,同一分层内介质的横波速度相等)更接近实际情况。  相似文献   

Variation of bacteria biomass and its possible controlling factors in the East China Sea     

Wenjuan Xia  Jiangtao Wang  Liju Tan  Qiulu Wang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(2):135-141

Two surveys were performed for determining bacteria biomass (BB), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (chl-a) and nutrient concentrations at 11 stations with three sampling depths in the high-incidence regions of red tide in the East China Sea (ECS) in the spring of 2006. Temperature and salinity increased from nearshore to offshore region and from high latitude to low latitude in the two cruises of 2006. BB were between 0.3–5.2 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.1 mgC m⁻³ on average) and 0.2–6.0 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.7 mgC m⁻³ on average) respectively in the two cruises. BB in the surface layer decreased from the Changjiang River estuary to high sea and from low latitude to high latitude. The results showed that bacterial growth was regulated by temperature, primary production and inorganic nutrient concentrations depending on different hydrographic conditions. In the surface and middle layers where the primary production can supply enough organic substrate, temperature was the main factor to control bacteria biomass. BB showed a good correlation between the surface and middle layers in both cruises. The distribution of nutrients during both cruises showed a similar decreasing trend from nearshore region and high latitude to offshore region and low latitude. High BB values were mainly recorded from samples in the middle layer where chl-a concentrations were also high, indicating primary production being strongly correlated with temperature over the ECS shelf. In the offshore area, phosphate and silicate became limiting factors for phytoplankton growth with indirect influence on BB. Bacteria played an important role in nitrogen regeneration process turning organic nitrogen to inorganic forms such as NH₄ ⁺. The increasing ratio of NH₄ ⁺/DIN could be a proof of that.  相似文献   

藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林线地带地上生物量随海拔的变化特征     

刘新圣  张林  孔高强  罗天祥 《山地学报》2011,29(3)

从亚高山森林到高山林线,逐渐严酷的生长环境影响了生物量的积累和分配.本研究采用相对生长法和样方收获法估算了藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林在禾同海拔(4 190 m,4 270 m和4 326 m)的地上生物量,分析了群落中不同层次地上生物量、各器官生物量及其分配比例随海拔的变化格局.结果表明:1.急尖长苞冷杉群落地上生物量在181～284 t/hm2之间,其中,乔木层在11～-248 t/hm2,灌木层为35～62 t/hm2,草本层为0.9～1.5 t/hm2;2.群落地上生物量随海拔升高急剧降低,降低的平均幅度为73.1 t/(hm2·100 m);3.随海拔升高,群落地上生物量分配到非光合器官(树干和枝条)的比例显著降低,分配到叶的比例呈增加趋势.随海拔的增加,急尖长苞冷杉群落通过增加叶生物量所占比例(高叶寿命)以延长养分在植物体内的存留时间,提高生态系统的养分利用效率,从而适应高海拔地区的低温胁迫环境.  相似文献